Burma, North Korea Said To Expand Military Ties
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BANGKOK-A leaked report purportedly drafted by authorities in Burma's military
government describes a top-secret visit to North Korea late last year by Burma's top
brass, during which the two sides pledged to significantly expand cooperation in military
training and arms production, Radio Free Asia (RFA) reports.
The 37-page report in Burmese claims to contain details of a Nov. 22-29 visit to North
Korea by 17 Burmese officials, billed as a goodwill visit to China and reportedly led by
Gen. Thura Shwe Mann, Burma's third-ranked leader and armed forces chief of staff.
It also contains 118 photos said to have been taken in North Korea and 64 said to have
been taken in China, from which the group was said to have traveled to North Korea.
Photographs in the report show a Burmese delegation in uniform in China but in civilian
clothing in North Korea, suggesting a bid to keep the visit to North Korea low-profile.
Exile Burmese media have voiced alarm in recent days at reports of growing ties between
Burma and nuclear-armed North Korea, both highly reclusive pariah states targeted by
international sanctions, and have warned that this warming relationship indicates
Burma's own nuclear ambitions.
The report is titled "Report of the High-Level Burmese Military delegation led by
SPDC member and Military Chief General Thura Shwe Mann to the DPRK [Democratic
People's Republic of Korea] and the PRC [People's Republic of China] from Nov.
21-Dec. 2, 2008."
SPDC, denoting the State Peace and Development Council, is the Burmese junta's formal
name.
The report says the delegation left Burma's remote new capital, Naypyidaw, on a
special aircraft Nov. 21 at the invitation of Chinese Defense Ministry Central Commission
member and armed forces Chief of Staff Gen. Chen Bingde and North Korean Defense Ministry
Chief of General Staff Gen. Kim Kyok Sik.
The report was transmitted to RFA's Burmese service through a knowledgeable source in
Burma's former capital, Rangoon.
Out in the cold
The report surfaced just as both regimes find themselves farther out in the wilderness
than ever before.
North Korea recently launched a long-range missile over Japan and conducted a second
nuclear test, prompting a new round of U.N. sanctions and an international outcry, even
from longtime allies in Moscow and Beijing. It test-fired four short-range missiles on
Tuesday.
Burma has meanwhile brought a bizarre criminal case against detained opposition leader and
Nobel Peace laureate Aung San Suu Kyi and renewed a military offensive against ethnic
rebels in the east, forcing thousands to seek refuge in Thailand.
Over the last week, U.S. officials tracked a North Korean ship, the Kang Nam I, suspected
of heading toward Burma with illicit weapons on board in violation of new U.N. sanctions.
The ship turned around and headed back north on Sunday.
The Bangkok-based Swedish journalist Bertil Lintner, an authority on North Korea, said the
report may have been fabricated and leaked to discredit the Burmese exile press. But he
added that it could also indicate "there are people within the military establishment
not very happy with its cooperation with North Korea."
If the latter is true, "They leaked the information in order to make it known to the
international community, especially the U.N. Security Council, which has imposed sanctions
on new North Korea arm exports," Lintner said.
Htay Aung, a researcher at the Thai-based Burmese opposition group Network for Democracy
and Development, said he believed the report was authentic, and either sold by mid- to
low-level officers or leaked by opponents of cooperation with Pyongyang.
The latter group "seems unhappy with projects to equip the military with costly
weapons and technologies as the country goes deeper into poverty," Htay Aung said.
Aim to modernize
The stated aim of the visit was "to modernize the Burmese military and increase its
capabilities through visiting and studying the militaries" of China and North Korea.
The group reportedly included Gen. Thura Shwe Mann, Lt. Gen. Myint Hlaing (anti-air
defense chief), Maj. General Hla Htay Win (training), Maj. General Khin Aung Myint (air
force), Maj. General Thein Htay (vice chief of staff, ordnance), Maj. Gen. Mya Win
(munitions), Brig. Gen. Hla Myint (tanks), Brig. Gen. Kyaw Nyunt (military
communications), Brig. Gen. Nyan Tun (engineering), and staff officers.
After signing a Memorandum of Understanding with the North Korean side on Nov. 27,
according to the report, the Burmese delegation deemed the visit a success. The report
concludes:
"1. The two militaries will cooperate in the teaching and training of military
science. The Burmese military will focus on studying special forces training, military
security training, training in tunnel warfare, air defense training, and language training
for both countries. 2. The two militaries will cooperate in the building of tunnels for
aircraft and ships as well as other underground military installations. The two countries
will cooperate to modernize military arms and equipment and will exchange experiences on
such matters. As such, the objective and aim of the high-level visit is deemed to be
successful."
The report makes reference to several appendices that are omitted from the text obtained
by RFA.
Outings and visits
A detailed account in the report includes discussions with North Korean Chief of General
Staff Gen. Kim Kyok Sik, visits to weapons and radar factories, and a missile launch
site.
About one-quarter of the report is devoted to comparing the Chinese and North Korean
militaries. It makes no specific mention of any actual or planned military purchases.
The report says the Burmese delegation was shown North Korean surface-to-air missiles and
rockets, along with naval and air defense systems and tunnel construction, including how
Pyongyang stores aircraft and ships underground to protect them from aerial attack.
It also describes a Nov. 23 visit to North Korea's National Air Defense Control Center
and a Nov. 24 visit to a North Korean naval unit in Nampo.
Subsequent outings included tours of an armored division of the North Korean Aerial
Defense Corps, the AA Weapons & Rockets Factory, and three underground missile
factories, according to the report.
North Korean officials also showed the Burmese delegation the USS Pueblo warship, seized
by North Korea in 1968 and now docked in the North Korean capital, Pyongyang.
The tour included visits to Pyongyang and to Myohyang, where the government has dug secret
tunnels to store jet aircraft, missiles, tanks, and weapons.
The delegation also visited a Scud tactical ballistic missile factory outside Pyongyang,
the report said. Pyongyang has since the 1980s been a major supplier of Scud missiles to
Iran, Egypt, and Syria.
Market for North Korea
Another recent report by Lintner, the Swedish journalist, claims that North Korean
engineers have been actively building a vast network of underground tunnels in Burma.
Lintner, author of Blood Brothers: The Criminal Underworld of Asia and Great Leader, Dear
Leader: Demystifying North Korea under the Kim Clan, reported that the Burmese junta began
tunnel construction with North Korean assistance as early as 2005, when the country's
capital was moved to Naypyidaw from Rangoon.
Lintner said he regards the report as further evidence of deepening ties between Burma and
North Korea, with China-unwilling to sell arms to Burma for fear of alienating major
powers-now playing the role of broker.
North Korea is likely looking for new arms buyers now that its arms sales to Libya and
Pakistan have dried up, he said.
"North Korea has a lot of things to offer, and they are willing to sell anyone who
can pay for it," Lintner said. "They are looking for a new customer. And Burma
seems to be the perfect one."
Original reporting by Kyaw Min Htun for RFA's Burmese service. Translated by Soe
Thinn. Burmese service director: Nancy Shwe. Executive producer: Susan Lavery. Written and
produced in English by Sarah Jackson-Han.
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